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Back to all blogs 11 October 2023 Controlling Qubits at Scale Oxford Ionics Team 4 MINUTE READ PREVIOUS NEXT Designing architectures for quantum computing is hard because three things must be achieved: Extremely low gate error rates that stay low as the number of qubits increases. Parallel qubit control - the ability to perform different operations on all of the qubits at the same time*. The exclusive use of technologies that can be built at scale and integrated into a single device. There are many architectures which solve one or two of these challenges but none has yet achieved all three simultaneously. In our newest paper, published in Physical Review Letters, we demonstrate a way of controlling qubits that can. We use a new technique, Forced-Motion Addressing , which makes it possible for large numbers of qubits to be controlled in parallel and with negligible error rates while using only one high-frequency qubit control line. It does this using simple control structures that can be integrated into chips built at scale on standard semiconductor production lines. Here’s how it works. The parallel control challenge Qubits are controlled using high-frequency (either microwave or laser) signals. Most architectures approach the challenge of parallelising qubit control by supplying independent high-frequency signals to each qubit. This approach works well for small processors where non-scalable techniques can be used, such as connecting one coaxial cable to the chip per qubit or shooting lasers over the surface of the chip. However, it becomes extremely challenging to make this approach work at scale and with low error rates for two reasons. First: crosstalk. Interference between all the high-frequency signals makes it hard to keep errors low as the number of qubits increases. Second, it is incredibly hard to build chips which implement these architectures at scale: Just connecting thousands of microwave or optical signals to a chip is beyond the cutting edge of existing packaging technology - and that’s before one starts thinking about where those signals come from and how they get to the chip. How does one fit all of the structures required to deliver these signals to the qubits into a crowded chip while managing cross-talk? The power dissipated by all of these high-frequency signals needs to be managed and removed from the chips. We need another way. Forced-Motion Addressing (a) A typical parallel qubit control architecture, with independent control structures and sources for each qubit. (b) The Forced-Motion Addressing architecture, where the qubits are controlled using a single high-frequency line combined with localised low-frequency electric fields. Our approach introduces a new paradigm for qubit control, allowing a single high-frequency structure to control large numbers of qubits in parallel. It does this by leveraging another form of parallel control that’s already built into ion trap chips but not normally used for the qubit states: the electric fields used to trap ions and move them around the chip. These electric fields are created by applying low-frequency voltages to trapping electrodes built into the ion-trap chip. These electrodes are engineered to allow individual ions to be moved around in parallel and with low cross-talk. Crucially, the fact that these signals are low frequency and produced by small voltages makes them vastly easier to integrate at scale and with low cross-talk than the high-frequency qubit control signals. They dissipate almost no power and, thanks to our WISE architecture, we know how to build and wire them up at scale. To date no one has used trapping electrodes for qubit control because ion qubits respond to magnetic not electric fields. This is where our new technique comes in: we use the trapping electrodes like switches to locally control the interaction between each qubit and a single, shared high-frequency line. As a result, even though all qubits see the same control field, their interaction with it is controlled by the electric fields. The technique works by applying small (millivolt) oscillating voltages to the trapping electrodes to make the ions vibrate backwards and forwards inside the trap. These vibrations change how the ions respond to the high-frequency control field. As a result, the trapping electrodes can provide fully localised control of the qubits, despite the high-frequency qubit-control field being shared between all qubits. Forced-Motion Addressing lets a single high-frequency line do all the heavy lifting for an entire chip, with small localised voltages telling each ion what gates to do in response. By reusing the transport electrodes for qubit control, it lets us achieve full parallel control while adding only minimal extra complexity to our chips. Integrating large numbers of voltages into chips while managing interference is a well-solved problem in the microelectronics industry, and one that has already been solved to make the ion traps work. If you’re interested to go deeper into how the technology works, read our paper, Coherent Control of Trapped-Ion Qubits with Localized Electric Fields Built for scale The real test of a quantum architecture is whether big computers are made from “more of the same” stuff that small computers are made of. Afterall, the purpose of building today’s small-scale quantum computers is to pave the way for tomorrow’s quantum supercomputers, but this only works if they’re built the same way and reach the same error rates. Ion traps are the leading approach to quantum computing and have some of the most mature architectures around. Yet, large numbers of high-power, free-space laser beams and other non-scalable technologies still play critical roles in roadmaps. Not ours! A focus on building technology that scales is the heart of everything we do at Oxford Ionics. * There is some nuance about exactly what one means by “at the same time”. Long story short, if the time it takes to perform a gate on each qubit increases linearly or worse with the number of qubits, it doesn’t count as parallel.

One of the biggest challenges facing the quantum industry is how to wire the chips up as we look to meaningfully scale the size, power and potential of quantum computers. Newsroom 14 August 2023 Solving quantum computing's wiring dilemma: How to build a 1,000-qubit computer without tens of thousands of wires One of the biggest challenges facing the quantum industry is how to wire the chips up as we look to meaningfully scale the size, power and potential of quantum computers. Today, small-scale quantum computers can (just about) get away with connecting qubits to one or more individual control lines. As soon as you look to scale the technology and ramp up the qubit count, however, the number of lines, and thus the number of wires and electrical interconnects to the chip needed to maintain pace quickly becomes unwieldy. To the point of impossibility. Scaling today's proof of concepts into powerful QCs with 1,000 qubits would require on the order of 10,000 control lines. Just connecting this many signals to a chip is beyond the bleeding edge of the microelectronics industry, and that's before we get into how we get all those signals to the chip in the first place. That it’s challenging for the commercial computing industry to solve – with its decades of legacy and trillions of dollars of R&D – highlights just how significant the scale of the problem is for the nascent quantum computing industry. It’s widely accepted that the solution to the wiring problem is integrating control components into the chips. However, it hasn’t been clear how to do this in a way that allows you to build these chips using existing fabrication technology, without taking up too much chip space, consuming too much power, needing too much bandwidth to control, or impacting the efficiency of the QC as it scales. Until now. Wiring is a scary problem - see the 50-qubit state of the art QC from Google on the left - but if you're WISE about it the number of control lines doesn't need to increase with the number of qubits. The OI system on the right has enough control lines for ~1,000 qubits. Today, we’re presenting a solution that solves the challenge of how to wire a quantum computer in a way that's consistent with all of these constraints. A solution that enables a 1,000-qubit QC to be run on just 200 control lines using chips and quantum systems – the infrastructure and controls around the chip – that are available today. We call this architecture WISE (Wiring using Integrated Switching Electronics) and, although we’re of course biased, we believe it marks a major step forward in the journey towards truly scalable quantum computers. Meet WISE WISE is a new wiring architecture for trapped ion QCs that solves for the power, bandwidth and footprint problems of integration and fabrication in one fell swoop. Illustration of possible electrical wiring of a 1000-qubit chip. The QPU (right) combines an ion trap IC with integrated capacitors and switches, and requires a footprint of 8mm × 22mm (excluding interconnects). The QPU is controlled using ∼ 200 electrical inputs, delivered from ∼ 200 off-chip sources via wire bonds. Ion traps typically use ~10 electrodes to control each ion qubit, each of which is driven by an independent DAC, which converts digital signals into the analogue voltages needed to control the ions. While DACs have been integrated into ion traps before, the amount of power, space and data they require makes incorporating many thousands into an ion trap infeasible. In our WISE approach, we instead manage this by integrating multiplexers into chips. This allows us to share the DACs between lots of ions, which is great because multiplexers are very small components, consisting of only a few transistors, and take up very little power. Until now, it has been an open challenge as to how to build a computer that runs efficiently when a small number of DACs are shared between many electrodes, and in a way that maintains this efficiency as it scales. In our scientific paper outlining this solution, we introduce a new idea called "dynamic electrode parallelism" which allows us to use a small number of DACs to control all the ion qubits in a scalable way using standard CMOS fabrication processes. This means we can still move the qubits around at will – and thus get full connectivity – but in a way that lets us use one DAC for hundreds of electrodes at the same time. It’s like replacing lots of cars with a bus or public transport; it helps ease congestion and uses fewer lanes, while all the people (or in this case, ions) still get where they need to go. If you’re interested to go deeper into how the technology works, read our paper, How to wire a 1000-qubit trapped ion quantum computer . Integration is our business Integrating control in a scalable way, as we've shown with WISE, was always a natural next step for us because integration and scalability are core to our mission at Oxford Ionics. Our electronic qubit control technology allows us to replace the lasers traditionally used to control trapped ions with electronics integrated directly into silicon chips. Our relationship with top-tier foundry Infineon allows us to build this technology out at scale on a CMOS-compatible production line. WISE fits naturally within this approach, replacing tens of thousands of wires with simple circuitry integrated into a silicon chip that can be produced at scale. The discussions around quantum computing focus a lot on qubits - ions, photons, superconducting circuits. Yes, qubits are the heart of a quantum computer, but they're also the cheap and easy part – a thousand atoms doesn’t cost a lot! The real magic comes from how we integrate the qubits into a system of wires and chips to make a computer. The choices we make here are what ultimately determine whether today's small-scale prototypes can truly and effectively scale into tomorrow's supercomputers. It’s this process of integration, and picking the combination of technologies that scales, which sits at the heart of our approach at Oxford Ionics. Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Today we announce that Oxford Ionics has won a £6m contract to supply a quantum computer to the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (“NQCC”) in Harwell, Oxfordshire. Newsroom 5 February 2024 Oxford Ionics wins contract to deliver a quantum computer to the NQCC Today we announce that Oxford Ionics has won a £6m contract to supply a quantum computer to the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (“NQCC”) in Harwell, Oxfordshire. The NQCC is the UK's national lab for quantum computing. Its goal is to accelerate the development of the UK’s quantum computing capabilities and infrastructure, to drive innovation and enhance UK capabilities in the sector. Oxford Ionics will deliver the system, named “Quartet”, to the NQCC’s Harwell facility where the NQCC team will use it to develop applications with partners across academia, industry and government, and to carry out research and application development to inform their technology roadmap. Quartet is a full-stack quantum computer housing one of our record-breaking trapped-ion quantum processor units (“QPUs”) at its heart. Scalability is core to the design of our quantum systems: all of our quantum computers are field-upgradeable to QPUs powerful enough to solve world-changing problems. All Oxford Ionics devices have complete connectivity between qubits, and use the qubit technology which has the lowest error rates ever demonstrated. Our chips are compatible with existing scalable fabrication (CMOS) techniques thanks to our patented, integrated Electronic Qubit Control (EQC) system and ground-breaking control architecture. We have partnered with Infineon Technologies to fabricate our devices in commercial semiconductor foundries. This will be the fifth quantum computer built by Oxford Ionics. Our first four systems are located in our HQ in Oxford and available through the cloud to select partners. We are excited to deliver our first on-premise quantum computer and the NQCC is an ideal partner for that. If your company would make a good fit for our partnership programme, please drop us a line here . Read the UK Government’s announcement here . Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

We are pleased to announce the appointment of Dipesh Patel, the former CTO of Arm, as our non-executive director. Dipesh's vast experience will be invaluable as we continue our quantum journey. Newsroom 30 August 2023 Oxford Ionics appoints ex-Arm CTO & secures UK security fund backing for quantum computing We are pleased to announce the appointment of Dipesh Patel, the former CTO of Arm, as our non-executive director. Dipesh's vast experience will be invaluable as we continue our quantum journey. Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

We have been recognised as a game-changer in WIRED's Trailblazers for 2023. A huge achievement for our world-class team pushing the boundaries of quantum technology 🏅 Newsroom 29 September 2023 We are proud to be named as a WIRED Trailblazer 2023! We have been recognised as a game-changer in WIRED's Trailblazers for 2023. A huge achievement for our world-class team pushing the boundaries of quantum technology 🏅 Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Oxford Ionics, a leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has set a new record in quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). Newsroom 10 September 2024 Oxford Ionics sets new world record in qubit readout Oxford Ionics, a leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has set a new record in quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). Team demonstrates state preparation and measurement (SPAM) fidelities of 99.9993% Results reflect a 13x reduction in SPAM errors compared to the next best approach Novel protocol developed at Oxford Ionics was validated at University of Oxford OXFORD, 10th September, 2024: Oxford Ionics, a leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has set a new record in quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). The results, experimentally implemented at the University of Oxford, demonstrate the highest recorded SPAM fidelities of any quantum computing platform at 99.9993%. In partnership with the University of Oxford’s Department of Physics, Oxford Ionics has shattered the previous world record - demonstrating a 13x reduction in SPAM errors compared to the next best approach on the market. The team achieved this groundbreaking result through developing a novel protocol that can detect and discard qubits in the wrong state. This protocol was validated through experiments performed at the University of Oxford. Figure: Data obtained by preparing, and then measuring, each of the two qubit states, |0> (red) and |1> (blue). Quantum computing promises to solve complex computational problems far beyond the capacity of any classical supercomputer. However, errors – whether caused during the preparation of the qubit into the desired state, during single- or two-qubit gates, or when reading out the qubit state at the end of the computation – are among the most significant obstacles to realising this power. Low errors in SPAM, along with two-qubit and single-qubit gates, are therefore among the three most important metrics when evaluating the precision and accuracy of a quantum computer. With these latest results, Oxford Ionics has now achieved record performance in all three. Combined with Oxford Ionics’ recent record-breaking single- and two-qubit gate fidelity results , this latest record indicates the company now has the highest performing and most reliable quantum platform in the industry. The new SPAM protocol developed will be applied to the next generation of Oxford Ionics’ quantum computers. Oxford Ionics’ quantum computers are unique owing to its patented ‘Electronic Qubit Control’ which relies on electronics, not lasers, to perform quantum gates. This approach gives the company a fundamental engineering advantage – by using electronics, Oxford Ionics can rapidly scale its quantum chips by replicating identical unit cells using the existing semiconductor manufacturing supply chain. The world records set by Oxford Ionics, in tandem with this unique approach, bring it one step closer to delivering quantum computers capable of delivering widespread commercial impact. Dr Chris Ballance, Oxford Ionics co-founder and CEO, commented: “Reliable and high-performing quantum computers hold the key to unlocking extraordinary solutions to critical problems. But to deliver a quantum computer capable of realising this future, the error rates across SPAM, single- and two-qubit gates are critical. Our team’s latest result means that Oxford Ionics has now demonstrated world-leading performance on all three of these fundamental metrics. This is an exciting leap forward for the quantum computing industry at large, and we’re excited to accelerate our efforts to put this technology in the hands of end-users.” Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Oxford Ionics, a world leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has won the GBx Best in British Tech Award in the Deep Tech Innovation category. Newsroom 4 November 2024 Oxford Ionics Wins GBx 'Best in British Tech' Award Oxford Ionics, a world leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has won the GBx Best in British Tech Award in the Deep Tech Innovation category. Oxford Ionics took home the ‘Best in British Tech - Deep Tech Innovation’ award at Friday’s GBx Gala in San Francisco OXFORD, 4th November, 2024: Oxford Ionics, a world leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has won the GBx Best in British Tech Award in the Deep Tech Innovation category. Presented by GBx, a curated network for British technology executives based in Silicon Valley, the Best in British Tech Awards are announced annually at the GREAT GBx Gala in San Francisco. Hosted by Carl Henderson, co-founder and CTO of Slack, the award recognises three innovative British technology companies at various stages of their journey – from upstarts to trailblazers. Dr. Chris Ballance, co-founder and CEO of Oxford Ionics, was presented with the award on Friday evening. Oxford Ionics was selected for the award as a result of its landmark year in 2024, marked by significant company growth, new customer wins, technical achievements, and R&D innovations. This includes selling quantum computers to the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC) and Germany’s Cyberagentur , as well as setting the world record the three most important metrics for quantum computing performance: single-gate fidelity, two-qubit gate fidelity , and quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). The power and performance of Oxford Ionics’ quantum computers is underpinned by its patented ‘Electronic Qubit Control’ technology, which uses electronics - not lasers - to control its qubits. With this technology, Oxford Ionics can integrate everything needed to trap and control its high-performing qubits onto a classical chip produced in a standard semiconductor factory. Mark Charkin, Executive Director of GBx, commented : “We are proud to recognise Oxford Ionics as one of the leading deeptech businesses coming out of the UK. In a historic year for Oxford Ionics, marked by several groundbreaking innovations, its team has pioneered a new approach to building powerful, robust, and scalable quantum computers. Oxford Ionics' innovative technology is taking us one step closer to unlocking the incredible commercial impact quantum computing is poised to deliver.” Chris Ballance, co-founder and CEO of Oxford Ionics, commented : “From multiple flagship system sales to the NQCC and Cyberagentur to shattering world records in the three most important metrics of quantum performance, our achievements this year have redefined what’s possible for the industry. We are thrilled to be recognised for these efforts by GBx, and honoured to be part of a long and rich history of UK-based technology innovation.” About Oxford Ionics Oxford Ionics was co-founded in 2019 by Dr Tom Harty and Dr Chris Ballance who both hold world records in quantum breakthroughs. The team includes 60 global experts across physics, quantum architecture, engineering and software and expects to triple headcount over the next 18 months as the business scales internationally. Oxford Ionics has raised £37 million to date with investors including Braavos, OSE, Lansdowne Partners, Prosus Ventures, 2xN, and Hermann Hauser (founder of chip giant ARM). In 2024, Oxford Ionics rapidly commercialised its technology, selling full-stack quantum computers to the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC) and Germany’s Cyberagentur. The company also holds the world records in the three most important metrics for quantum performance: single- and two-qubit gate fidelity and quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). For more information, visit our website www.oxionics.com Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

The leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has opened its first international office in Boulder, Colorado. Newsroom 19 August 2024 Oxford Ionics kicks off international expansion with new US office The leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has opened its first international office in Boulder, Colorado. New office located in Boulder, Colorado will serve as North American hub for Oxford Ionics Professor David Allcock joins as Director of Science, North America to lead US office Milestone comes off the back of Oxford Ionics’ record-breaking gate fidelity results OXFORD, 19th August, 2024: Oxford Ionics, a leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced it has opened its first international office in Boulder, Colorado. With demand for quantum computers reaching new heights, the new office will serve as a critical base for its expansion into North America. With funding initiatives like Elevate Quantum, cutting-edge laboratories at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and JILA, and strong research programs out of University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado has fast become the epicenter for quantum computing innovation in the United States. With its new office in Boulder, Oxford Ionics joins this pioneering ecosystem – allowing it to tap into the significant US talent pool and vital supply chain as it accelerates its work to bring the most powerful quantum computers to market. As Oxford Ionics opens its new location, Professor David Allcock has joined the team to lead the US office as Director of Science, North America. With a PhD in Atomic & Laser Physics from the University of Oxford, Allcock has spent several years at the forefront of quantum computing research across institutions like NIST Boulder and most recently as an Assistant Professor at the University of Oregon. This significant milestone for Oxford Ionics comes off the back of its record-breaking single- and two-qubit gate fidelity results . Unique among trapped-ion quantum computing companies, Oxford Ionics has developed a proprietary technology called ‘Electronic Qubit Control’ – meaning it uses electronics, not lasers, to control its qubits. This allows Oxford Ionics to not only build the highest-performing qubits in the world, but also to unlock far greater scalability. Moreover, this technology can all be integrated onto a standard chip that can be produced via existing semiconductor manufacturing processes. John Tayer, Boulder Chamber President and CEO, commented: “ The Boulder Chamber is thrilled to welcome Oxford Ionics, a global leader in capturing the power of trapped-ion qubits for practical and scalable quantum computing, into our burgeoning quantum research and development ecosystem . We look forward to assisting its team through its fast-paced development cycle as it works to bring powerful quantum computers to market – including sourcing Boulder’s high quality talent, accessing facilities to meet its specialized needs, and providing support as it builds a home here in Boulder.” Zachary Yerushalmi, Elevate Quantum CEO and Regional Innovation Officer, commented: " The Mountain West is the largest quantum cluster in America and the only federally-recognized Tech Hub to receive major US funding for our industry. But in order to secure the lasting economic vibrancy that comes with quantum technologies for generations, we must closely partner with and play host to the best talent, ideas, and companies from across the world. That’s why we’re so excited to welcome Oxford Ionics, a world leader in ion trap quantum computing, to our ecosystem and are eager to see how they bring forward the future for everyone in our region and well beyond." Dr. Chris Ballance, Oxford Ionics Co-Founder and CEO, commented: “With the opening of our first international location, we’ve entered an incredibly exciting chapter in Oxford Ionics’ history. Demand for powerful quantum computers in the US is increasing at a breakneck pace, so we’re thrilled to be entering this market in Boulder. As we continue to advance the commercialization of our record-breaking technology, we look forward to bringing on new US-based talent, strategic partners, and customers to accelerate this journey.” About Oxford Ionics Oxford Ionics was co-founded in 2019 by Dr Tom Harty and Dr Chris Ballance who both hold world records in quantum breakthroughs. The team includes 55 global experts across physics, quantum architecture, engineering and software and expects to triple headcount over the next three years as the business scales internationally. Oxford Ionics has raised £37 million to date with investors including Braavos, OSE, Lansdowne Partners, Prosus Ventures, 2xN, and Hermann Hauser (founder of chip giant ARM). In February 2024, Oxford Ionics won the contract to produce Quartet, a full-stack quantum computer for the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre. For more information, visit our website www.oxionics.com Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Oxford Ionics and Infineon Technologies AG announce a collaboration to build high-performance and fully integrated quantum processing units (QPUs). Newsroom 6 July 2022 Oxford Ionics and Infineon join forces to develop leading Trapped Ion Quantum Processors Oxford Ionics and Infineon Technologies AG announce a collaboration to build high-performance and fully integrated quantum processing units (QPUs). Oxford Ionics and Infineon Technologies AG (FSE: IFX / OTCQX: IFNNY) today announce a collaboration to build high-performance and fully integrated quantum processing units (QPUs). The combination of Oxford Ionics’ unique electronic qubit control (EQC) technology with Infineon’s world-leading engineering and manufacturing capabilities, as well as expertise in quantum technology, will lay the foundations for the industrial production of QPUs offering hundreds of qubits within the next five years.The goal is to move quantum computing (QC) technology out of the research lab into real industrial solutions. Quantum computing opens up the next frontier in computing power for many industries seeking radical improvement in their processes and capabilities. Getting there requires developing qubit technologies that can be built at a massive scale while controlling a growing number of qubits and maintaining quantum error levels at and below the current state-of-the-art. Oxford Ionics’ EQC technology offers a path to integrating trapped ion qubits – the leading qubit technology by quantum error levels – into Infineon’s mature semiconductor processes. “The great challenge in quantum computing is scaling whilst improving performance. There are technologies that can be fabricated at scale but don't perform, and there are technologies that perform but don't scale. Our electronic control is uniquely placed to do both. Working with Infineon and its mature and flexible semiconductor process, allows us to speed up the accessibility of a commercial QPU. Due to our market-leading error rates, these processors need dramatically fewer qubits to solve useful problems than other technologies.” said Chris Ballance, Co-Founder of Oxford Ionics. The first Oxford Ionics devices will be cloud accessible by the end of 2022, offering commercial players access to these cutting-edge Quantum Computers. Fully integrated devices with high enough performance to scale to hundreds of qubits are planned to be available in less than two years. The ultimate goal of Infineon and Oxford Ionics is to offer, within five years, individual, fully integrated QPUs offering hundreds of qubits networked together into a quantum supercomputing cluster using Oxford Ionics’s quantum networking technology. “The role of Infineon is to take the ground-breaking work of Oxford Ionics to scale properly towards meaningful qubit counts and low error rates. Infineon’s ion traps can enable that in conjunction with our predictable, repeatable, and reliable manufacturing and assembly capabilities,” said Stephan Schaecher, Director of New Application, Innovation, and Quantum Computing at Infineon Technologies Industrial Division. About Infineon’s ion trap modules Infineon’s ion traps accelerate the development of powerful quantum computers to solve optimization problems that their classical counterparts could not address. Knowing how to industrialize and combine novel materials and technologies, Infineon offers an advanced technology platform for customized traps that are predictable, repeatable, and reliable. Based on this platform, Infineon paves the way towards thousands of qubits by working with partners on cryogenic control electronics and optics integration. This will allow scientists and companies to focus on their core tasks, push the boundaries of science and research, and create successful and winning quantum computing systems that will enable industry and academia to solve meaningful problems. More information is available at www.infineon.com/trappedions and at http://www.infineon.com/quantumcomputing . About Oxford Ionics Oxford Ionics is the high-performance quantum computing company, delivering world-leading innovations to create the most powerful, accurate and reliable quantum computers to solve the world's most important problems. Unparalleled precision is realised by combining the world's highest quality qubits – trapped ions – with a unique noiseless electronic qubit control technology. Oxford Ionics achieves the highest performance ever demonstrated while using chips manufactured on a semiconductor production line. For more information contact media@oxionics.com . Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Oxford Ionics today announced that it is one of eight companies participating in a quantum trade mission to the United States, organised by the UK’s Department of Business & Trade. Newsroom 21 October 2024 Oxford Ionics Joins UK Government on Trade Mission to the United States Oxford Ionics today announced that it is one of eight companies participating in a quantum trade mission to the United States, organised by the UK’s Department of Business & Trade. David Allcock, Director of Science for North America, will join the Department of Business & Trade to promote the United Kingdom as a global leader in quantum computing OXFORD, 21st October, 2024: Oxford Ionics, a world leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced that it is one of eight companies participating in a quantum trade mission to the United States, organised by the UK’s Department of Business & Trade. David Allcock, Oxford Ionics’ Director of Science for North America, will represent the company during the five-day trade mission which commences today. During the trip, the UK delegation will travel to Chicago and Colorado to meet with senior officials from local government, US-based research institutions, and select quantum companies. In addition to cultivating relationships within the US quantum ecosystem, the delegation will promote the UK’s pioneering innovations as a global leader in quantum computing. Oxford Ionics’ participation in this trade mission comes just a few months after the company opened its first international office in Boulder, CO. The Boulder location serves as a crucial base for the company’s rapid expansion into North America – allowing it to tap into the tremendous US talent pool. Oxford Ionics plans to triple its headcount in the next 18 months, with a significant number of employees to be based in the Boulder office. David Allcock, Oxford Ionics’ Director of Science for North America, commented : “From strong academic programs to cutting-edge research facilities, the United States has an incredibly rich and burgeoning ecosystem for quantum computing. I am delighted to participate in this trade mission, which represents an exciting opportunity for us to introduce Oxford Ionics’ groundbreaking technology to the US market. I look forward to working with the UK delegation to identify ways of collaborating with the US to make commercially-valuable quantum computing a reality.” His Majesty’s Consul General in Chicago, Richard Hyde commented: “We are thrilled that Oxford Ionics is joining us on our quantum trade mission to the United States. Through this delegation, we are bolstering collaboration between the UK and the two federally designated quantum tech hubs in the US: Chicago and Colorado. Oxford Ionics, alongside the other quantum companies in our delegation, is taking crucial steps towards unlocking commercial utility from quantum computing, and we are excited to promote UK exports in this critical emerging industry.” About Oxford Ionics Oxford Ionics was co-founded in 2019 by Dr Tom Harty and Dr Chris Ballance who both hold world records in quantum breakthroughs. The team includes 60 global experts across physics, quantum architecture, engineering and software and expects to triple headcount over the next 18 months as the business scales internationally. Oxford Ionics has raised £37 million to date with investors including Braavos, OSE, Lansdowne Partners, Prosus Ventures, 2xN, and Hermann Hauser (founder of chip giant ARM). In 2024, Oxford Ionics rapidly commercialised its technology, selling full-stack quantum computers to the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC) and Germany’s Cyberagentur. The company also holds the world records in the three most important metrics for quantum performance: single- and two-qubit gate fidelity and quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). For more information, visit our website www.oxionics.com Media contact : media@oxionics.com Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Oxford Ionics today announced that it has won a contract, alongside Infineon Technologies AG, to build a state-of-the-art portable quantum computer for 'Cyberagentur'. Newsroom 18 September 2024 Oxford Ionics and Infineon Technologies to deliver portable quantum computer to Cyberagentur as part of €35M investment Oxford Ionics today announced that it has won a contract, alongside Infineon Technologies AG, to build a state-of-the-art portable quantum computer for 'Cyberagentur'. The mobile quantum system, called Mini-Q, is designed to be compact and robust Cyberagentur will leverage Mini-Q for applications in national security and defence Mini-Q is the first mobile variant of Oxford Ionics’ line of quantum computers OXFORD, 18th September, 2024: Oxford Ionics, a world leader in trapped-ion quantum computing, today announced that it has won a contract, alongside Infineon Technologies AG, to build a state-of-the-art portable quantum computer for Agentur für Innovation in der Cybersicherheit GmbH, or 'Cyberagentur'. Oxford Ionics and Infineon are one of three independent contractors selected by Cyberagentur, who is investing a total of €35M into the project. Founded by the German Federal Government, Cyberagentur aims to progress research and innovation in the field of cybersecurity to promote the country’s internal and external security. Cyberagentur will use Oxford Ionics’ portable quantum computer, called Mini-Q, for application development in national security and defence. Quantum computers are of particular interest for governments, as they can prove integral to national security and digital sovereignty. Government bodies around the world are already exploring different applications of quantum computing, from enhanced computing power to cryptography. Cyberagentur is specifically focused on applying quantum computing to ‘mobile defence’, meaning it can leverage a compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient mobile quantum computer for security and defence scenarios. These smaller systems are easily deployed, transported, and upgraded in the field – giving nation-states a crucial advantage. Oxford Ionics is uniquely positioned in the industry to deliver a mobile quantum computer. The company has developed a proprietary technology called ‘Electronic Qubit Control’ - meaning it uses electronics, not lasers, to control its qubits. This inherently robust technology can then be integrated onto a standard, thumbnail-sized chip produced in today’s semiconductor fabrication facilities. Through this unique approach, Oxford Ionics’ quantum computers can deliver powerful computational capabilities within an industry-leading small physical footprint where that is important for the particular needs of an organisation. Mini-Q will be the sixth quantum computer delivered by Oxford Ionics, following a contract won earlier this year with the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC). As an R&D partner of Oxford Ionics, Infineon AG will contribute its expertise in microfabrication of highly reliable, large-scale ion trap chips. The two companies will work together to develop increasingly powerful quantum processor units (QPUs) that leverage Oxford Ionics’ scalable manufacturing and world-leading position in qubit quality. This quality was recently demonstrated with Oxford Ionics’ world-record performance in single- and two-qubit gate fidelity and quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). Dr Roman Bansen, Head of Quantum Technologies at Cyberagentur , commented: "Mobile systems are particularly important for security and defence scenarios, as they can operate independently of a data connection to stationary data centres. Especially in crises or defence situations, this is essential. At the same time, mobile quantum computers also potentially offer considerable advantages for civilian applications." Dr Chris Ballance, Oxford Ionics co-founder and CEO , commented: “We are thrilled to be delivering the first mobile variant of our product line to Cyberagentur. Since our inception, we have viewed the challenge of building powerful quantum computers as an engineering project – not a science project. This approach has yielded both the highest performing chips in the world and a robust technology that can deliver industry-leading performance within a small physical footprint based on customer needs. Mini-Q represents the first of these small systems, which is uniquely engineered to suit the dynamic, fast-paced nature of national security and defence.” Oxford Ionics is rapidly accelerating the commercialisation of its technology. If your organisation is interested in learning more about how to acquire one of its quantum computers, please fill out the following contact form . About Oxford Ionics Oxford Ionics was co-founded in 2019 by Dr Tom Harty and Dr Chris Ballance who both hold world records in quantum breakthroughs. The team includes 55 global experts across physics, quantum architecture, engineering and software and expects to triple headcount over the next three years as the business scales internationally. Oxford Ionics has raised £37 million to date with investors including Braavos, OSE, Lansdowne Partners, Prosus Ventures, 2xN, and Hermann Hauser (founder of chip giant ARM). In February 2024, Oxford Ionics won the contract to produce Quartet, a full-stack quantum computer for the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre. The company also holds the current world-records for single- and two-qubit gate fidelity and quantum state preparation and measurement (SPAM). For more information, visit our website www.oxionics.com Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Oxford Ionics has demonstrated the highest performing quantum chip in the world, which can be produced at scale in a standard semiconductor fabrication plant. Newsroom 11 July 2024 Oxford Ionics breaks global quantum performance records Oxford Ionics has demonstrated the highest performing quantum chip in the world, which can be produced at scale in a standard semiconductor fabrication plant. Oxford Ionics chips provide over twice the performance of previous world records Results achieved without using error correction Highest performing quantum chip can be built at scale in existing semiconductor factories OXFORD, 11 July 2024: Oxford Ionics has demonstrated the highest performing quantum chip in the world , which can be produced at scale in a standard semiconductor fabrication plant. Building stable, high-performance quantum computers is hugely challenging. It demands the creation of high-performance qubits and a way to control those qubits in a scalable way. Only one technology - trapped ions - has demonstrated the performance needed to build a useful quantum computer. However, until now, trapped ions have been difficult to scale as they are typically controlled by lasers. Oxford Ionics has eliminated the need to use lasers to control qubits through the development of a patented Electronic Qubit Control system. This unique, embedded approach takes the highest performing qubit technology - trapped ions - and integrates everything needed to control them into a silicon chip that can be mass-produced using standard semiconductor manufacturing facilities and processes. Oxford Ionics has set industry records in both two-qubit gate and single-qubit gate performance (fidelity). Previous world records have been achieved with the use of error correction to reduce errors in hardware*. Oxford Ionics chips provide over twice the performance, without needing error correction, using 10x fewer qubits : Proven implementation of two-qubit gates with fidelities at the 99.97% level Proven implementation of single-qubit operations with 99.9992% fidelity Building a useful quantum computer requires high performing single and two-qubit gate operations. Oxford Ionics’ significantly increased qubit performance means that powerful quantum computers can be built with far fewer qubits and that valuable commercial applications can be deployed before needing to implement complex and costly error correction techniques. Together with the scalability of Oxford Ionics’ approach, these results indicate the dawn of useful quantum computing is far closer than previously thought. With proven engineering, Oxford Ionics will now build a scalable 256 qubit chip that can be manufactured on existing semiconductor production lines. Dr Michael Cuthbert, Director of the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre , said: “The new results mark a pivotal step forwards in ion trap quantum computing and validates the scalability of the technology. The reported one and two qubit gate results outperform other players’ achievements to date, meaning error correction becomes achievable with minimal overheads. This performance underpins the proprietary architecture Oxford Ionics will deliver to the National Quantum Computing Centre as part of our Quantum Computing Testbed procurement and we are really excited to see both how this will be deployed, and how we will be able to use these ultra-high performance qubits for the development of algorithms and new applications.” Dr Chris Ballance, co-founder and CEO of Oxford Ionics , said: “The industry’s biggest players have taken different paths towards the goal of making quantum computing a reality. From the outset, we have taken a ‘rocket ship’ approach - focusing on building robust technology by solving the really difficult challenges first. This has meant using novel physics and smart engineering to develop scalable, high performance qubit chips that do not need error correction to get to useful applications, and can be controlled on a classic semiconductor chip. Since we started in 2019, we have hit every target on our roadmap on time and today’s results validate our confidence in our approach. We are now able to focus on the commercialisation of our technology and delivering useful quantum computing at scale.” Dr Tom Harty, co-founder and CTO at Oxford Ionics , said: “When you build a quantum computer, performance is as important as size - increasing the number of qubits means nothing if they do not produce accurate results. We have now proven that our approach has delivered the highest level of performance in quantum computing to date, and is now at the level required to start unlocking the commercial impact of quantum computing. This is an incredibly exciting moment for our team, and for the positive impact that quantum computing will have on society at large.” About Oxford Ionics Oxford Ionics was co-founded in 2019 by Dr Tom Harty and Dr Chris Ballance who both hold world records in quantum breakthroughs. The team includes 55 global experts across physics, quantum architecture, engineering and software and expects to triple headcount over the next three years as the business scales internationally. Oxford Ionics has raised £37 million to date with investors including Braavos, OSE, Lansdowne Partners, Prosus Ventures, 2xN, and Hermann Hauser (founder of chip giant ARM). Oxford Ionics has an R&D partnership with Infineon Technologies AG. In February 2024 Oxford Ionics won the contract to produce Quartet, a full-stack quantum computer for the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre. For more information, visit our website www.oxionics.com . * Quantum computers are extremely susceptible to noise, leading to errors in computations. Error correction can be used to identify and fix errors, at the cost of needing many more qubits for any given computation. Oxford Ionics’ quantum chips are performing better today than any error corrected qubits. Press Contacts GENERAL PRESS ENQUIRIES media@oxionics.com ON SOCIAL MEDIA